Fort Huachuca

Fort Huachuca is a United States Army installation under the command of the United States Army Installation Management Command. It is located in Cochise County, in southeast Arizona, about 15 miles (24 km) north of the border with Mexico. Beginning in 1913, for 20 years the fort was the base for the "Buffalo Soldiers", the 10th Cavalry Regiment. During the buildup of World War II, the fort had quarters for more than 25,000 men. In 2010, Fort Huachuca has a population of roughly 6,500 active duty soldiers, 7,400 family members and 5,000 civilians. Fort Huachuca can have well over 18,000 people on post during the peak hours of 0700 and 1600, M-F, making it one of the busiest transient installations.

Sierra Vista, which annexed the fort in 1971, is located south and east of the post, and Huachuca City is to the north and east. Major tenants are the NETCOM/9th Signal Command (A) and the United States Army Intelligence Center. Libby Army Airfield is located on post and shares the runway with Sierra Vista Municipal Airport; it was on the list of alternate landing locations for the space shuttle, though was never used as such.

Fort Huachuca is also the headquarters of Army Military Auxiliary Radio System (MARS). Other tenant agencies include the Joint Interoperability Test Command, Information Systems Engineering Command (ISEC) and the Electronic Proving Ground.

The fort is also home to a radar-equipped aerostat, one of a series maintained for the Drug Enforcement Administration by Lockheed Martin. The aerostat is based northeast of Garden Canyon and, when extended, supports the DEA drug interdiction mission by detecting low-flying aircraft attempting to penetrate the United States.

The fort is also the home to the Western Division of the Advanced Airlift Tactics Training Center (AATTC) which is based at the 139th Airlift Wing, Rosecrans Air National Guard Base, Saint Joseph, Missouri.

History

What today is Ft. Huachuca was a new fort to counter the Chiricahua threat and to secure the border with Mexico. On March 3, 1877, Captain Samuel Marmaduke Whitside, accompanied by two companies of the 6th Cavalry, chose a site at the base of the Huachuca Mountains that offered sheltering hills and a perennial stream.^[3] In 1882, Camp Huachuca was redesignated a fort.

General Nelson A. Miles controlled Fort Huachuca as his headquarters and against Geronimo in 1886. After the surrender of Geronimo in 1886, the Apache threat was essentially extinguished, but the army continued to operate Fort Huachuca because of its strategic border position. In 1913, the fort became the base for the "Buffalo Soldiers", the 10th Cavalry Regiment, which was composed of African Americans. It served this purpose for twenty years. During General Pershing's failed Punitive Expedition of 1916-1917, he used the fort as a forward logistics and supply base. From 1916-1917, the base was commanded by Charles Young, the first African American to be promoted to colonel. He left because of medical reasons. In 1933, the 25th Infantry Regiment replaced the 10th Cavalry at the fort.

With the build-up during World War II, the fort had an area of 71,253 acres (288.35 km²), with quarters for 1,251 officers and 24,437 enlisted soldiers.^[4] The 92nd and 93rd Infantry Divisions, both with African-American troops, trained at Huachuca.

In 1947 the post was closed and turned over to the Arizona Fish and Game Department. However, due to the Korean War, a January 1951 letter from the Secretary of the Air Force to the Governor of Arizona invoked the reversion clause of a 1949 deed. On February 1, 1951 The US Air Force took official possession of Ft. Huachuca, making it one of the few Army installations to have an existence as an Air Force Base. The Army retook possession of the base a month later, and reopened the post in May 1951 to train Aviation Engineers in air field construction as part of the Korean War build up. The engineers built today's Libby Army Airfield. After the Korean War, the post was again placed in an inactive status with only a caretaker detachment on May 1, 1953.

On 1 February 1954 Huachuca was reactivated after a seven-month shut-down following the Korean War. It was the beginning of a new era for this one time cavalry outpost, one which saw Huachuca emerge as a leader in the development of Electronic warfare. The Army's Electronic Proving Ground opened in 1954, followed by the Army Security Agency Test and Evaluation Center in 1960, the Combat Surveillance and Target Acquisition Training Command in 1964, and the Electronic Warfare School in 1966. In 1967, Fort Huachuca became the headquarters of the U.S. Army Strategic Communications Command (USSTRATCOM), which became the U.S. Army Communications Command in 1973; and U.S. Army Information Systems Command (USAAISC) in 1984. It is now known as the United States Army Network Enterprise Technology Command (NETCOM)/9th Army Signal Command.^[5]

The area is so desolate and barren, an old army description of the fort states, "It is the only fort in the Continental United States where you can be AWOL (absent without leave) for three days and they can still see you leaving"!

Fort Huachuca was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976.^[2][6][7]

In 1980, the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment conducted aircraft training exercises from Fort Huachuca in preparation for Operation Honey Badger. This planned rescue attempt was developed to try to rescue captive American personnel in Iran. It was developed in the wake of Operation Eagle Claw's failure. The environment near the fort enabled 160th SOAR pilots to train and simulate flying in the mountainous desert terrain of Iran.

Fort Huachuca is also home to William Bliss Army Community Hospital, a U.S. Army Medical Department Activity (MEDDAC).

It was the location of the 2007 Conseil Internationale du Sport Militaires Military World Games.

Museums^[8]

Ft. Huachuca has two museums located in three buildings on Post. All are within a short walk from one another. The Ft. Huachuca Museum takes up two buildings, its main museum (Bidg. 41401) and a spillover gallery called the Museum Annex (Bidg. 41305). It tells the story of the US Army in the American Southwest.

The second museum is The US Army Intelligence Museum which takes for its theme the evolution of the intelligence art within the US Army. It is in building 41411.

Fort Huachuca Museum

The Fort Huachuca Museum was established in 1960 to tell the story of the U.S. Army on the Southwestern frontier.

A governmental, non-profit organization, the Fort Huachuca Museum preserves an important segment of our national military history for the edification and enjoyment of future generations. It largely depends upon donations of significant artifacts, archival materials, and funds from the private sector

US Army Intelligence Museum

The Army Intelligence Museum acts as a central repository for those items of history that help put the military intelligence story in perspective. Opened on 2 November 1995, it is a teaching tool within the U.S. Army Intelligence School.

Like the Fort Huachuca Museum, the Army Intelligence Museum is a non-profit, governmental organization that is largely dependent upon donations of material and cash from private individuals.

Signal Brigade

Fort Huachuca is home to the 11th Signal Brigade, a major subordinate command of the Army Network Enterprise Technology Command (NETCOM). The 11th Signal Brigade has the mission of rapidly deploying worldwide to provide and protect Command, Control, Communications, and Computer support for Army Service Component Commanders and Combatant Commanders as well as, Joint Task Force and Coalition Headquarters across the full range of military operations. The "Thunderbirds" constantly train in and around the desert conditions of southeast Arizona. They were deployed to provide signal operations during the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Military Intelligence

In addition to the US Army Intelligence Center, Fort Huachuca is the home of the 111th Military Intelligence Brigade, which conducts Military Intelligence (MI) MOS-related training for the armed services. The Military Intelligence Officer Basic Leadership Course (MIBOLC), Military Intelligence Captain's Career Course (MICCC), and Warrant Officer Basic and Advanced Courses are also taught on the installation. The Army's MI branch also held the responsibility for unmanned aerial vehicles, due to their intelligence-gathering capabilities, until April 2006. The program was reassigned to the Aviation branch's 1st Battalion, 210th Aviation Regiment. Additional training in human intelligence (e.g. interrogation, counterintelligence), imagery intelligence, and electronic intelligence and analysis is also conducted within the 111th. The 111th MI BDE hosts the Joint Intelligence Combat Training Center (JICTC) at Fort Huachuca.

People of Fort Huachuca

• People who have served or lived at Fort Huachuca:
  • Brig. Gen. Samuel Whitside, founded Camp Huachuca
  • Maj Gen. Leonard Wood, Medal of Honor recipient and Chief of Staff of the Army from 1910-1914.
  • Col. Cornelius C. Smith, Medal of Honor recipient and head of the Philippine Constabulary from 1910-1912. Accepted surrender of Mexican Colonel Emilio Kosterlitzky while stationed at Huachuca in 1913, and was later Huachuca commandant from 1918-1919.
  • Cornelius C. Smith, Jr., historian of Arizona, California and the Southwestern United States
  • John Henry (catcher), played professional baseball for the Washington Senators and Boston Braves from 1910-1918.
  • Col. Sidney Mashbir, Commandant of Allied Translator and Interpreter Section, Military Intelligence Service during World War II
  • Gen. Alexander Patch, highly decorated officer who commanded Army and Marine forces at Guadalcanal during World War II.
  • Lt. Gen. Sidney T. Weinstein, one of the driving forces behind reorganizing Army intelligence in late 1970s and 1980s.
  • MSG. Mark Baker, Cartoonist - Pvt. Murphy's Law.
  • Lt. Gen. Emmett Paige, first Commanding General of the USAISC.

In popular culture

• Captain Newman, MD (1963), starring Gregory Peck as the title character, was filmed at Fort Huachuca.

• The opening sequence of Suppose They Gave a War and Nobody Came (1969) was filmed at Ft. Huachuca.

• Clear and Present Danger (1994), starring Harrison Ford and James Earl Jones, shows Ft. Huachuca equipment being used to intercept a cell-phone conversation of a drug dealer.

• In Scent Of A Woman, Al Pacino's character, an Army officer, refers to having been stationed at Fort Huachuca.

• In the novel "A Prayer For Owen Meany" (1989) by John Irving, Owen Meany is stationed as a casualty assistance officer at Fort Huachuca during the Vietnam War.

• The novel Ulterior Motives (2009) by Mark Andrew Olsen features Ft. Huachuca as the site where terrorist Omar Nirubi is imprisoned under military control in the United States.

Football

The Arizona Wildcats football team holds late summer practice and training camp, in addition to other off-the-field exercises, on post.^[9]

Gallery

References

Further reading

• Smith, Cornelius C. Jr.. Fort Huachuca: The Story of a Frontier Post. Fort Huachuca, Arizona: 1978.

External links

• Fort Huachuca Homepage
• Fort Huachuca Apache Flats RV Resort information.
• Historic Fort Huachuca